Vulvovaginitis: Everything to Know about Vaginal Inflammation

Vulvovaginitis is an inflammation of the vagina. This can be quite uncomfortable, and painful. The genital area is sensitive and prone to problems such as itching or infection. Vaginal pain, also known medically as vaginitis or vulvovaginitis, is a problem that most women encounter at least once in their lives. It can be painful and itchy, sore and cause a discharge. Vaginitis can affect the outside of the vagina, called the vagina. Symptoms include burning, itching, discharge and odour. But if you have vulvovaginitis, incorporating some prevention tips may help.

What is vulvovaginitis?

Vulvovaginitis is inflammation or irritation of the vulva (external) and vagina (birth canal). This condition can be caused by many things, including infection, irritation, allergies or hormonal changes. It affects women of all ages, but especially young girls and women of childbearing age. Diseases, yeast or infection can cause these conditions. Sometimes vaginitis spreads during sexual intercourse. Other causes include vaginal dryness and estrogen deficiency.

Causes of Vulvovaginitis

    1. Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal infection caused by abnormalities in the vaginal flora. According to a 2023 study published in the journal StatsPearl, in vaginosis, the number of Lactobacilli decreases and other types of bacteria such as Gardnerella vaginalis and different anaerobic bacteria are abundant. This is one of the most common causes of vulvovaginitis.

    2. Candida vulvovaginitis

Candida vulvovaginitis, commonly known as a vaginal yeast infection, is caused by an increase in Candida, a type of yeast, in the vagina, according to a 2024 study published in StatsPearl. The result is an itchy, thick, white vagina with the consistency of cottage cheese.

    3. Chemical irritants

Experts say that vulvovaginitis can be caused by certain chemicals commonly found in soaps, feminine sprays, perfumes and condoms.

    4. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

Vulvovaginitis can be caused by the STI Trichomonas vaginitis, according to a 2022 study published in the journal StatsPearl. These infections can cause vaginal discomfort, itching, and excessive discharge. The discharge may be yellow, green or gray. Most have a strong odour. Chlamydia, gonorrhoea, and herpes can cause vaginitis.

    5. Environmental factors

Poor hygiene and allergies can cause this condition. Tight clothing can irritate the skin, cause irritation, and trap moisture. Itchy skin is more likely to develop vulvovaginitis than healthy skin. Experts say irritation can also slow healing.

Symptoms of vulvovaginitis

• Vaginal discharge that has an unusual colour, consistency, or odour.
• Itching and irritation of the genitals.
• Pain or burning during urination or sexual intercourse.
• Visible or light bleeding during pregnancy.

How to prevent vulvovaginitis?

Preventing vulvovaginitis includes good hygiene, avoiding irritation, and eating a healthy diet. Here are some tips and herbal remedies to help prevent vulvovaginitis.

    1. Maintain Proper Hygiene

Gently wash your personal belongings with warm water and a mild, unscented soap. Do not use harsh soaps or rinses as they can upset the balance of bacteria and yeast. Experts recommend wiping from front to back after using the bathroom to prevent infections from the genital area to the rectum.

    2. Probiotics

Probiotics help the body produce healthy bacteria that fight against harmful bacteria. According to a study published in 2019 in the International Journal of Environment and Public Health, probiotic therapy may have short- and long-term effects in the treatment of vaginosis, one of the most common diseases.

    3. Dress appropriately

Wear cotton underwear and avoid tight clothing. Cotton provides better air quality and reduces humidity, which encourages bacteria and yeast growth. Also, change your wet clothes or sweaty gym clothes as soon as possible to avoid long-term moisture.

    4. Cranberry Juice

A 2021 study published in Food Frontiers found that cranberry juice is known for its ability to prevent and control urinary tract infections. It also helps reduce the risk of vulvovaginitis. Drinking unsweetened fruit juice is a common treatment for urinary tract infections and vaginitis. If you do not want to drink unsweetened fruit juice, you can take cranberry juice pills instead.

    5. Avoid irritants

Do not use perfumes, sanitary napkins, pads and feminine hygiene products. These can cause genital warts. Also, if you use pads, choose unscented ones and change them frequently to keep the area dry.

These natural remedies and treatments can help treat vulvovaginitis but are not a substitute for medical treatment. If you have vaginitis, you should visit your doctor to determine the cause and receive appropriate treatment.